The professional clubs in the North do not have interest

Football World Cup, most national teams will bring a majority of players in foreign clubs. This reflects the globalization of the labour market of the professional footballers since the Bosman ruling (1995). Each year, hundreds of players leave (PVD) developing countries which they are to be recruited in the clubs in European football leagues.

Since the 1990s, the number of players transferred before the age of 18 was inflated. However they are under abusive conditions: without sign of contract of employment and rates very inferior from players of the host country. The worst is reached when a minor player is invited to be tested in a European club and that the test is negative. It is found then without any financial resources in a foreign country, often abandoned without ticket return that neither player agent nor the host club want pay, in a situation of de facto illegal migrant.

The end of the 1990s was marked by collective action in the courts against professional clubs, including Belgium and Netherlands, at the end of which these transfers have qualified trafficking to justice human children or market to the slave trade. In Italy, a Senate report revealed that nearly 5,000 foreign players of less than 16 years operating in the Italian clubs and France report Donzel (1999) noted that Africa was the preferred source of young foreign players. The case of Lebri Ivorian and Guinean Conde shocked the Sports Minister, Mrs Buffet, who stepped in to prevent the expulsion of Conde after his arrest as paperless.

The embarrassment of the European Commission eventually trigger the adoption of a new regulation of transfers by Fifa in 2001, whose section 19 prohibits transfers of the minor players of 18 years. With three exceptions: between EU countries, if the player is near the border of the foreign country where he played or his parents change their country for a reason unrelated to football. There is rush part of transfers of minor players for ten years, a market where thrive players registered to Fifa officials. The ban has led to the black market.

That is why we propose since 2001 (1) an alternative solution based on the Tobin tax. Instead of prohibiting transfers, tax "coubertobin" both makes them more expensive and would use the market mechanism to ensure that developing countries get a return on their investment in education and training of their players.

Its four objectives are to cover the costs of training of the developing countries and the club of origin; to create a negative incentive to transfer a player especially strong PVD was younger; slow down "the exodus of muscles" of the developing countries; to agree a sports development fund in the country of origin.

The mechanism, modeled (2) otherwise would be to tax at the rate of 1 the amount of the transfer and the first annual salary of any player leaving the developing countries of origin regardless of his age. Below 18 years, this rate would be plus a surcharge, progressive rate with age on the date of the transfer is lower. For example, a surcharge of 2 per month missing for 18 years, between 14 and 18 years; a surcharge of 10 per month missing between 10 and 14 years; and a flat-rate surcharge of 1,000 below 10 years to discourage transfers in low age (3-year-old Brazilian Player seems to interest several clubs!).

The implementation of such a tax requires political will and an international agreement between all the countries concerned. The professional clubs in the North do not have interest. UEFA (European football) became aware that he should do something. May designate (or create) an international organization who would be responsible for managing the Coubertobin tax Because the error would be to entrust its management to developing countries of origin where corruption is often endemic in sport. And do not entrust to representatives of the recruiters, European and American clubs, to avoid any insider or a convenience to the circumvention of the tax that some will not hesitate to consider.